中美医学人文高峰论坛
暨科研伦理素质、医学伦理学教学能力第二期培训班开幕式上的发言
The Speech of Opening Ceremony of The Summit Forum of Sino-US Medical Humanities and the Second Session Training Course of Research Ethics Quality and Teaching Capability of Medical Ethics
尊敬的Michael Zigmond 教授及Beth A. Fischer博士、尊敬的樊和平教授、尊敬的肖巍教授、尊敬的赵明杰教授
各位来宾,各位学者、同道与朋友们:
Distinguished Professor Michael Zigmond and Doctor Beth A. Fischer, Distinguished Professor Fan Heping, Distinguished Professor Xiao Wei, Distinguished Professor Zhao Mingjie
All the guests, scholars, colleagues and friends:
首先,我代表东南大学人文学院生命伦理学研究中心和江苏省医学伦理学会(筹)、江苏省卫生法学会以及本次大会的筹备委员会,祝贺大会的顺利召开!并对于以美国匹兹堡大学Michael Zigmond 教授为首的美方项目组成员以及所有美方参会的嘉宾,表示诚挚的、亲人般的欢迎!对来自全国各地的参会领导和学者给予会议的支持,表示感谢!对于中华医学会医学伦理学分会、大连医科大学《医学与哲学》杂志、南京医科大学第一附属医院与南京鼓楼医院等单位积极参与协办,表示我们真切的敬意!我本人能在这个格外静美的南京的秋天,与境内外的学者和新老朋友们相聚,共同见证这个历史时刻,十分高兴!First of all, on behalf of the Bioethics Research Center of School of Humanities, SEU, the Medical Ethics Society of Jiangsu Province (planned), the Health Law Society of Jiangsu Province and the Preparatory Committee of this Forum, I congratulate the successful opening of the Forum. I also extend sincere and family-like welcome to American project members and guests headed by Prof. Michael Zigmond from University of Pittsburgh, USA. I express my gratitude to leaders and scholars for your attendance and support to the Forum. I present true homage to the Medical Ethics Society of China Medical Association, the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy of Dalian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital for their active participation and cooperation. Personally, I am very pleasant to meet scholars from home and abroad, friends either new or old, in the beautiful and calm autumn in Nanjing, witnessing this historical moment together.
东南大学是中国当代汉语生命伦理学复兴的策源地之一,曾经在上世纪70年代开始注重对羸弱的医学伦理学的幼苗的培育和扶植,先后承担教育部第一期和第二期医学伦理学师资班的教育教学,并最先成立生命伦理学研究中心,受到恩格尔哈特、邱仁宗、杜治政、何兆雄、王育殊、陈力行等先行学者的指导和关顾;曾先后组织了多次有影响力的国际会议,并承担一系列高水准的项目、培养了诸多人才与获得一大批高蹈的研究成果。今天有幸在其成熟期主办如此一次具有独特学术品格和学科意志的高水准论坛,并面对周遭潦草的学术生境和体制暴力,祛流行的官本位之魅,御商海之缚,举办一次真全纯正的伦理审查素质和教学能力的人员培训,以引四方秋歌而扬,由万象琴瑟而飞。我们感到万分荣幸!Southeast University is one of the original sites of the revival of contemporary Chinese bioethics, and started to foster and support weak seedling-like medical ethics in as early as 1970s, undertaking the first and the second session educational programs of medical ethics teachers, and was the first to establish the Bioethics Research Center, which was directed and mentored by pioneer scholars such as Engelhardt, Qiu Renzong, Du Zhizheng, He Zhaoxiong, Wang, Yushu, Chen Lixing etc. Southeast University held a number of influential international conferences in the discipline, undertook a series of advanced projects, trained numerous talents as well as obtained a great deal of advanced research achievements. Today, during its full-fledged academic maturation, we hold such a high-leveled forum with distinctive academic character and disciplinary will, regardless of hasty and careless academic context and violent bureaucratic interference, which is free from the bureaucratic and ideological enchantment and commercial bondage, and hold a pure and integral ethics assessment quality and teaching capability training, which is really an occasion to celebrate the gathering of guests afar in autumn music and exchange wit and wisdom in harmony. We are greatly honored.
在兹,我们抽提一个美国实用主义伦理学家威廉?詹姆斯(William James)的“改善主义”(meliorism)的概念和术语,这个指谓并不是一般学者认为的实用主义的别称,而是一个对于生命体可能获救的暗示。潜藏着深刻的生命伦理意义。 改善主义介于悲观主义和乐观主义之间,既体现了这类学者对于未来世界通向光明的信心,又表达了对于人类的命运的关注,以及对现实生活问题的的正视。这个概念反映了人类对于人体获救和精神救赎双重的祈盼和渴望,表达了詹姆斯心性的最后皈依和对柔性宗教的美好理想。虽然“有用就是真理”,表白了詹姆斯对于现实价值的依赖,但他从来没有失去对于身体获救与灵魂救赎的真纯意识和主观生活意义之流的寄托。他只是从临床经历和生理、心理实验的感受中,饱尝了痛苦对于人的致命摧残刺激,激起他对于生命欲望和战胜疾病痛苦的冲动。他说:Here, I would refer to the concept and term of meliorism of American pragmatic ethicist William James as an example, and the denotatum is not what is regarded as an alternative name by general scholars, but a suggestion for the possible salvation of bio-beings, with a profound bioethics significance. The meliorism is between pessimism and optimism, representing these scholars’ belief that the world is toward a bright future, as well as expressing the concern toward the human destiny, and envisaging the realistic life problems. The concept reflects the double human expectation and longing for bodily salvation and spiritual redemption, and expresses James’ last conversion of his mind and his glorious ideal of flexible religion. Though, the statement “usefulness is truth” expresses James’ dependence on realistic value, he has never lost his pure consciousness of bodily salvation and spiritual redemption and expectation of subjective significance of life. Nothing but the clinical experience as well as the feeling from physical, psychological experiments, he suffered to the fullest extent that pains devastate human beings, stimulating his life desires and impulse of overcoming disease pains. He said:
“我们说世界是可能得救的,……这是说,世界得救的条件,有一些的确已实际存在,而这些条件存在得越多,一些妨碍得救的条件越少,那么,世界得救的可能性也就愈有根据,实际得救的或然性也就愈大。”
Let us apply this notion to the salvation of the world. What does it pragmatically mean to say that this is possible? It means that some of the conditions of the world's deliverance do actually exist. The more of them there are existent, the fewer preventing conditions you can find, the better-grounded is the salvation's possibility, the more probable does the fact of the deliverance become.
在19世纪那个美国伦理精神高扬的时代,历史偶然集合起来的那一大批思想的精英为北美新大陆贡献了自己的智慧,他们的生命伦理观念、个人的情感与信仰,倾注在自己的哲学思考和研究中,建构了一个饱满的伦理生态体系和有益于生命伦理学复兴并持续发展的学术生境;我们能够完整地获得生命伦理学在美国复活或复兴的整个历史过程的全貌,因而也不会肤浅地把这段学科历史误读为一种人类历史的偶然,也不会孤立地将其理解为仅仅作为医学道德或生命科学伦理的狭窄理论藩篱。美国的开发史一直与新大陆的生命伦理精神联在一起,共同昭示、宣表、引领美国的文化、生命政治和美国社会,给新美国人创造了宝贵的精神财富,铸就了美国的理想和人类对于未来的美丽憧憬。而也只有如此丰富和坚实的道德哲学理论才能够永久地、稳固而有力地支撑起美国的政治、经济、科学与文化群山与雄踞浩海之岸的巨峰。In 19th century, when American ethic spirit uplifted, a multitude of intellectual elites contributed their wisdom for the New Continent of North America in this historical contingency, and their bioethical ideas, personal feelings and believes poured into their own philosophical reflections and researches, constructing a content-full ethical ecological system and academic context which was beneficial to revival and sustainable development of bioethics. We are able to obtain a panoramic history of bioethics revival or renaissance in America, therefore, we would not superficially misunderstand this period of discipline as accidental in human history, nor comprehend it merely as narrow theoretical barriers of medical morality or bioethics. The history of American development and bioethical spirit have always been closely related, jointly demonstrating the American culture, declaring bio-politics, and leading the American society, creating valuable spirit treasures for new Americans in their American dreams and forming expectations for the bright future of human beings. Only founded upon such rich and solid philosophy of morality theory can sustain the American political, economic, scientific and cultural peaks which are prominently locatedon the other side of the Pacific Ocean.
今天,这样一种本来囿于一个学科的意识,已经无限地展将开来;在我们这片土地上,生命伦理学也已经无需羞羞答答地面对后现代生活,因为它本身就是后现代的宠儿;它成为人学的核心基础,它帮助我们行动,同时破解生命的奥秘,它是一切人文学科、特别是道德哲学以及身体文化的理论中轴,它是实践哲学最先锋的实践者和优秀范例与榜样;它包容了和淹没了很多新兴学科的活点,它在哲学伦理学和生命科学的共同支撑下,完成了从弱小分支学科伸延或延异为大同学科的过程。它实现了“一种只有在被思考之后才能存在的行为”(Valery)。Today, this kind of consciousness which was confined within the discipline, has infinitely extended to other areas. In this land, bioethics is not afraid to face postmodern life directly, since it has already become the favorite topic of post-modernity itself. It has become the core basis of humanities, helping us to take actions, while deciphering the life mystery. It is the theoretical axis of all humanities, particularly moral philosophy and body culture, and it becomes the most vanguard practitioner, excellent paradigm and model of practical philosophy. It encompasses and submerges active topics of numerous burgeoning disciplines, therefore accomplishes the process from a weak disciplinary branch to comprehensive discipline through extension or differance. It realizes “an action exists only after being reflected on”.(Valery)
我们生命伦理学就是建设美丽生活并作为生命政治的仪仗队,正在接受时代的检阅,它在后现代的卫生经济和健康理想的情势下,正迎接新的真实的哲学与社会科学化挑战,这是一次非同小可的人类新启蒙运动,在一个概念恐怖的多元的硅基文明时代,传统价值观念与意义和真理的元语言被侵蚀或镂空,信仰危机、精神羸弱、文化战火纷飞;此刻,我们必须反省,究竟我们这些人是为了什么或者应该做些什么? Bioethics is to build a beautiful life mode, and it is also a honour guard under inspection of a new era, meeting the new and real challenges from philosophy and social sciences, in the context of postmodern hygiene economy and health ideal. It is no trivial matter but a new enlightenment of human beings, since we are living in a horrific multiple era of silicon substrate civilization which is characterized by erosion of traditional value idea and meaning, or nihility of meta-language truth, crisis of faith, intensified cultural wars, to such an extent that we must reflect upon, what we should do or for what we should do that.
生命伦理学与医学人文学是医学世界和卫生事业的大脑,是生命问题的导航,是国家机体和民族康平的理性基础;是生命政治体制刚性的内部结构的核心与灵魂;是社会公平正义的骨架;它不在于平面的、浅陋的行动计划或者貌似轰轰烈烈的行动仪式,更不是临床学家的玩物、医学教科书的后缀文件或者修饰门楣的花俏的装饰物件;而是医学发展的导航仪;它必须通过几代人长期艰苦、静穆地、扎扎实实、忠诚地恪守、富有内力和效果的奋争以及学术共同体负责任地苦行,才会卓有建树和成为时代或者历史的意义与真理的象征。Bioethics and medical humanities are the brain of medical world and health course, the guidance of life problems, the rational basis of national organism and ethnic health, the core and soul of rigid inner structure of bio-polity, the framework of social justice and equity. The value of bioethics does not lie in superficial, shallow agenda or seemingly grand and spectacular ceremony, moreover, bioethics is neither pet of clinical medicine, nor appendix document of medical textbook, nor fancy decoration of medical facade, but it is the navigator of medical development. Only through time-consuming, hardworking, quiet, reliable effort of generations, loyal perseverance, sustaining and effective struggle, as well as responsible and ascetic practices of the academic community, bioethics will blossom and yield fruit and become the symbol of truth and significance of the era or history.
我坚信在我们不懈地、几代人的努力之下,中国生命伦理学与医学人文社会科学将出现一个超越和真正繁茂的新时代。I believe that a new era of preeminence and prosperity will emerge in bioethics and medical human and social sciences of China through generations’ constant endeavour.
我们这次会议是一次对于中华生命伦理文化的再一次激活,一次新的启蒙运动的序幕,我们一方面悬临于卫生权力的道德风险和医学关系、生命技术乱象中心,又思执于道德哲学理论的多元的涡流之中,我们在发展中选择,在改革和创新中纠错,处于历史主义的思想和文化的交融、混合、共生、醇化的过程与实在中;面对问题与现象的纠绕和困惑,我们只有冥思苦想,艰苦治学,继承发扬,毅然奋起,迎接挑战! 我们要解决幸福主义和善的冲突,为善的主体的合法性拥有更庞大的“善库”,通过我们这些“心里有智慧的人” 的不懈努力使其分量逐渐增益,《周易》象传曰:“山上有木,渐;君子以居贤德善俗 ”, 这也是哲学家伊曼纽尔?康德告诫我们“不断地向着更善进步” 的因由;我们要避开“忙忙碌碌的愚蠢”,我们不是把希绪弗斯的石头推上山,又有意和我们的族类一起为了让它又滚下来;我们的终极理想,是使它们如同身体的真理 或摩西的石板那样,立于高山之巅,雄踞天下,坚如磐石,鸣翠千秋。This forum is another actuation to Chinese bioethics, a prelude of new enlightenment. On one hand, we are endangered by the moral hazard of hygiene power and disturbed by chaotic medical relationship and biotechnology applications, on the other hand, we are disoriented in the multiple vortex of moral philosophical theories, hence, we have to make choice in development, correct errors in reformation and innovation, indeed we are in the process and reality where historical thought and culture are mingling, blending, coexisting and purified. Being entangled and bewildered by problems and phenomena, we can do nothing but contemplation and rigorous scholarship, inherit and develop the academic tradition, resolutelysummon up courage to meet various challenges! We are going to solve the conflict between the well-being and the good, provide legitimacy for the good subject to possess larger bank of the good, through the unremitting endeavor of the “wise hearted men” like us, making the good increase gradually. As it is written in The Book of Changes----Interpretation of Hexagrams: “On the mountain, there are trees. It is an image of developing gradually. In correspondence with this, the superior person lives a life of virtue and improves the morals and mores of his people.” That is exactly the reason why philosopher Immanuel Kant admonish us: “the human race is constantly progressing.” We should avoid the “hustle and bustle foolishness”, we are not to roll the immense boulders of Sisyphus up a hill, only again together with our own species, let them to roll down deliberately; our ultimate ideal is to make them erected on top of the mountain, like truth of body, or tablets of Moses, prominently standing atop, as solid as a rock, exhorting posterity forever.
最后,让我代表会议对美国国立卫生研究院福格蒂国际中心与匹兹堡大学中国科研伦理项目联合主任Michael J. Zigmond教授及Beth A. Fischer博士表示由衷的感谢,他们是我们这次历史性学术活动的关键和引擎!Finally, let me express my heartfelt gratitude on behalf of the Forum to Prof. Michael Zigmond, Joint-Director of The John E. Fogarty International Center of The National Institutes of Health and China Research Ethics Program of University of Pittsburgh, and Doctor Beth A. Fischer, they are key and engine of this historical academic activity.
祝大会成功!I wish the Forum a success!
祝各位朋友在南京的日子里幸福快乐!I wish all of you a pleasant staying in Nanjing!
谢谢!Thank you!
孙慕义 2018.10.27
Prof. Sun Muyi Oct. 27th 2018
(摩罗编辑) |