约翰·福布斯·纳什在1950取得了博士学位,博士论文为"非合作的赛局"仅27页的内容。这论文在他的指导教授 Albert W. Tucker下所指导而完成。在之后被称为"纳什均衡"。这些研究领导四个论文:《纳什博弈论论文集》封面
"Equilibrium Points in N-person Games", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 36 (36): 48–9, DOI:10.1073/pnas.36.1.48, PMC 1063129, PMID 16588946, MR0031701. Nash, JF (1950)
"The Bargaining Problem", Econometrica (18): 155–62, 1950. MR0035977. Nash, JF (1950)
"Non-cooperative Games", Annals of Mathematics 54 (54): 286–95, JSTOR 1969529
"Two-person Cooperative Games", Econometrica (21): 128–40, 1953, MR0053471.Nash, J. (1951)